Vegetarian, Jain and Hindu Meal Codes on International Flights: VGML, AVML, JNML, HNML
Published · 9 min read
VGML, AVML, VLML, JNML and HNML explained — how to request via airline, OTA or app, and which airlines actually do special meals well.
What this article covers
Why the meal code matters
The codes Indian travellers need to know
How to request a special meal
Which airlines do special meals well
What to expect on board
Common pitfalls
Backup snacks — what to pack
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between AVML and VGML on international flights?
AVML (Asian Vegetarian Meal) is Indian-style vegetarian — includes dairy products like paneer, yoghurt, ghee — and matches typical Indian vegetarian eating habits. VGML (Vegetarian Vegan) is strict vegan, excluding all animal products including dairy, eggs and honey. For most Indian vegetarians who eat dairy, AVML is the correct choice. Strict vegans should choose VGML. Both must be pre-ordered at least 24-48 hours before flight via the airline website or app.
How do I request a Jain meal on international flights?
Jain meal code is JNML. Request via the airline website's 'Manage Booking' under Special Services / Meals, or call airline customer service at least 24-48 hours before flight (some airlines need 72 hours for JNML). The meal excludes all meat, fish, eggs, root vegetables (onion, garlic, potato, ginger, carrot, beetroot) and root spices. Air India, Emirates, Singapore Airlines, Qatar Airways and Thai Airways reliably provide JNML; some Western carriers have limited availability — verify directly.
Will I get an Indian meal automatically on an Air India flight?
Air India's default Economy meal already includes Indian options — typically a vegetarian and non-vegetarian Indian-style tray. However, for guaranteed Indian-style vegetarian, request AVML or for Indian non-veg with no beef or pork, HNML. Special meals are individually prepared, often fresher than the standard trolley, and served first. Always pre-order for connecting onward flights too — the request on the first leg does not auto-apply.
Can I change my meal preference after booking?
Yes, up to 24-48 hours before flight via the airline website's 'Manage Booking' section, the mobile app, or by calling customer service. After the cut-off, the meal manifest is sent to the catering kitchen and changes are usually not possible. If you only realise the day of flight, ask the gate agent or cabin crew — sometimes airlines can swap with another passenger or accommodate from spare special meals.
Which airlines have the best Indian meals?
Air India is the gold standard — Indian dishes are the default and well-prepared. Singapore Airlines, Emirates, Qatar Airways and Thai Airways consistently deliver excellent AVML, JNML and HNML — these airlines carry high Indian passenger volumes and have institutional expertise. Lufthansa, British Airways and KLM are good but less Indian-specialised. Avoid relying on small US carriers for niche meal codes — verify before booking.
Do I need to pay extra for a special meal on international flights?
No — special meals (AVML, JNML, VGML, HNML, MOML, KSML and others) are provided free of charge on most international full-service airlines, including Air India, Emirates, Singapore Airlines, Lufthansa, BA, Etihad and Qatar. Some low-cost carriers and 'basic economy' fares on certain airlines (Lufthansa Light, BA Basic) may not include any meal — special or otherwise — and meals must be purchased separately. Check the fare class before booking.
What do I do if my special meal is not loaded on the flight?
Politely flag the cabin crew immediately. They will check the meal manifest, sometimes the meal is misplaced. If not available, they will typically offer you a substitute — fruit plate, sandwich, salad, or another passenger's unclaimed special meal. Most international carriers carry 2-3 spare special meals per cabin for contingencies. As backup, always carry 2-3 snack items (protein bars, dry fruits, theplas) in your cabin baggage.